My research has focused on the defect passivation and surface chemistry engineering of cadmium-free, red-emitting CuInS₂/ZnS (CIS/ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) for aqueous-phase applications, such as bioimaging, sensing, and LED lighting. This work lies at the intersection of chemistry, physics, and materials science, where QD s synthesis, defect chemistry, and photophysical processes are closely interconnected.